14) Immunology
I am not aware of any studies.
15) Pathological features
Griner (1983) reported on findings in 72 animals. By that time there had already been 77 births at San Diego , of which 24 had died neonatally and 6 were perinatal deaths. Trauma and a variety of infectious causes of death are listed in that review. Rumenitis with ulcers also occurred and one neonate had a cleft palate. Interestingly, four animals were icteric at birth for which the cause was not identified but possibly linked to a new male father. Baumeister et al. (1983) in a study of rotavirus infection of zoo animals found it primarily in young animals. Appleby et al. (1992) found the trichostrongylid nematode Cooperioides antidorca in intestinal nodules of animals in Kenya .
The remarkable feature of the second placenta described here is that, despite the fetus' significant maceration, the placental attachment had not suffered and there was very little degeneration of the villous tissue. Apparently, the endometrial perfusion of the caruncle was sufficient to maintain adequate structure, despite the absence of fetal circulation. The cord and its endothelia and allantoic epithelium had autolyzed.
16) Physiologic data
Pospisil et al. (1984) compiled various hematological parameters of Grant's gazelles and other species.
17) Other resources
Cell strains are available from CRES at the San Diego Zoological Society. We maintain many cell strains of Grant's gazelles at present. They can be obtained by contacting Dr. O. Ryder at oryder@ucsd.edu.
18) What additional information is needed?
Implantational stages and term placentas and their dimensions are unreported so far.
Acknowledgement
The animal photograph in this chapter comes from the Zoological Society of San Diego. I appreciate also very much the help of the pathologists at the San Diego Zoo.
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