14) Immunology
I am not aware of any publications other than those relating to the virologic studies listed next.
15) Pathological features
There is only a sparse literature on Himalayan tahr pathology. Semevolos et al. (1998) reported on one case of shoulder joint dislocation, among a variety of other large hoofed stock. Two distinct caprine arthritis encephalitis viruses have been isolated from Himalayan tahr cell lines (Dahlberg et al., 1981; Kalinski et al., 1994; see also Archambault et al., 1994) that were later genetically analyzed by the same investigators (Gazit et al., 1996). Nielsen et al. (1988) described what they assumed to be malignant catarrhal fever virus infection of Nilgiri tahr, but they did not study Himalayan tahrs.
16) Physiologic data
No such studies have been conducted.
17) Other resources
Cell strains of fibroblasts from numerous animals are available from CRES at the San Diego Zoo though contacting Dr. Oliver Ryder at oryder@ucsd.edu. Other investigators cited here have used other cell lines for their virus study.
18) Other remarks - What additional Information is needed?
Endocrine studies are badly needed.
Acknowledgement
The animal photographs in this chapter come from the Zoological Society of San Diego. I appreciate also very much the help of the pathologists at the San Diego Zoo.
References
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Nelson-Rees, W.A., Kniazeff, A.J., Malley, R.L. and Darby, N.B. Jr.: On the karyotype of the tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and the Y-chromosome of goats and sheep. Chromosoma 23:154-161, 1967.
Nielsen, N.O., Oosterhuis, J., Janssen, D., McColl, K., Anderson, M.P. and Heuschele, W.P.: Fatal respiratory disease in Nilgiri tahr: possibly malignant catarrhal fever. Can. J. Vet. Res. 52:216-221, 1988.
Nowak, R.M.: Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th ed. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1999.
Semevolos, S.A., Nixon, A.J., Goodrich, L.R. and Ducharme, N.G.: Shoulder joint luxation in large animals: 14 cases (1976-1997). J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 213:1608-1611, 1998.
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