14) Immunology
I have not found any publications.
15) Pathological features
Numerous parasites have been identified in nyalas. (Boomker et al., 1991, 1996; and Boomker, 1986). Horak et al. (1983) identified the burden with ixodid ticks of nyalas and other species in Kruger National Park. Liu et al. (1982) described many cases of skeletal and myocardial degeneration, associated with calcification in nyala but detected normal selenium levels. "White muscle disease" is a well-known feature of tragelaphine (Heldstab & Ruedi, 1980). Keep & Basson (1973) described a case of a testicular teratoma. A variety of viruses have also been identified in nyalas: rotavirus (Baumeister et al., 1983); bovine diarrhea antibodies (Anderson & Rowe, 1998). A case of spongiform encephalopathy was described in a nyala by Jeffrey & Wells (1988). These authors later transmitted the agent (protein) to mice (Jeffrey et al., 1992). Kirkwood & Cunningham (1994) summarized all cases of BSE in captive wild animals of the British Isles.
16) Physiologic data
The basic hematological values of antelopes, including the nyala, have been summarized in a contribution by Pospisil et al. (1984).
17) Other resources
Cell strains of nyala fibroblast and other Tragulidae are available from the "Frozen Zoo" at CRES, San Diego Zoo by contacting Dr. Oliver Ryder at oryder@ucsd.edu.
18) Other remarks - What additional Information is needed?
Early stages of implantation, immunologic and endocrine data are lacking.
Acknowledgement
The animal photographs in this chapter come from the Zoological Society of San Diego. I appreciate also very much the help of the pathologists at the San Diego Zoo.
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